- In the food industry, it is used as baking soda and leavening agents respectively.
- Pest control because it controls fungal growth and musty smell.
- Personal hygiene as an ingredient of toothpaste, mouthwashes, mechanical cleanser, antiseptic, deodorant, eye hygiene)
- In sports, it is used as a supplement for athletes
- Medical and health as an ingredient of medicine like sodium bicarbonate tablet (acid indigestion, gastric irrigation, anti-depression, hyperkalemia), and the agent of aesthesia, tear gas.
- Fire extinguishers on small grease or electrical fires.
- Chemical laboratories as an amphoteric compound.
- Cracker industry ( In all Firework especially the black snake firework)
- Cleaning agents as paint removal, surface rust removal, odors, and heavy stain removal from clothes.
Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, sodium acid carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or bicarbonate of soda is a chemical compound that has the molecular formula NaHCO3. It appears as white crystalline or powder and easily soluble in water or any mineral springs. Sodium bicarbonate occurs in nature in the form of mineral nahcolite or thermokalite. Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound that reacts with acid or base compound. It can react with acetic acid to produce sodium acetate. It also reacts with base compounds such as sodium hydroxide to produce carbonates. Sodium bicarbonate will decompose to another stable substance which is sodium carbonate at a temperature above 149°C and also produce water and carbon dioxide as a by-product.
Manufacturing Process
Sodium bicarbonate can be manufactured using the Solvay process. This process was first introduced by Ernest Solvay in the 1860s by reacting sodium chloride with carbon dioxide and ammonia in water. Sodium bicarbonate that produces from this process can be converted to another compound such as soda ash (Na2CO3) or washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O). The manufacturing process is shown as below:
Manufacturing Sodium Bicarbonate
This process occurs by reacting sodium chloride with carbon dioxide and ammonia in water. Calcium carbonate is used in this reaction as the source of carbon dioxide and by-product calcium oxide is used to separate ammonia from the ammonium chloride. Another source of carbon dioxide is from dry ice. The reaction is:
Extracting Sodium Bicarbonate
The product from the reaction at step 1 is sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. At room temperature, both compounds are soluble. However, at a temperature below room temperature ammonium chloride is more soluble than sodium bicarbonate, which makes it easier to extract the crystal out of the solution. Another method of extracting sodium bicarbonate from ammonium chloride is by reacting calcium hydroxide with ammonium chloride. Products from this process are ammonia gas, water vapor, and calcium chloride in the liquid phase.
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